3. Characterization

Knowledge of the number and characteristics of voltage dips and interruptions at a network point is necessary for two main reasons:

• in existing installations, to determine the best technical and economic solutions to the problems posed;

• for future installations, to define the type of equipment or adaptations needed to avoid future operating incidents.

It should be noted that estimating these characteristics is particularly difficult due to :

• the random nature of the causes that produce them (climatic conditions) ;

• the network structure, which can be modified. For example, supplying a user with an antenna or a loop leads to two contradictory objectives: voltage cuts or dips are favored in either...