1. Na-ion technology

In the 21st century, Li-ion technology has been widely democratized. According to Avere (Association nationale pour le développement de la mobilité électrique), the number of electric vehicles on the road has risen from 102 in 2010 to almost 300,000 in 2020. By 2023, some 900,000 100% electric vehicles (not to mention hybrids) will be registered among the 38.7 million vehicles on the road. While it's difficult to obtain stabilized figures, it is estimated that over 90% of the French population over the age of 15 has at least one smartphone. This puts the number of cell phones in circulation in France at between 50 and 75 million units. In recent years, the advent of Li-ion technology has been accompanied by controversy over the critical nature of the materials used for its large-scale application. As a result, an alternative technology has been developed in laboratories, before recently...