2. Production technologies

2.1 A reminder of MOS technology

The vast majority of integrated circuit products manufactured by the semiconductor industry are produced using MOS technology, which enables layers of conductive materials with specific, well-defined properties to be applied to semiconductor substrates, usually silicon.

MOS technology combines the properties of the substrate (semiconductor material) for the production of capacitors, diodes, field-effect transistors, etc., with the properties of the layers on the surface: conductive, such as aluminum or copper, semiconducting, such as polysilicon, or insulating, to isolate components from each other or from interconnection tracks. Current variants are known as :

• CMOS (Complementary...