3. Cryptology and security

Cryptology can be defined as the science of logical information protection. Alongside the physical security of components and the security of software, it is an essential dimension of security.

Cryptology encompasses cryptography, which is the art of authenticating, signing, verifying, encrypting, decrypting... information, and cryptanalysis, which is the art of "breaking" the solutions proposed by cryptography.

Cryptography relies on the basic building blocks of ad hoc algorithms, whose design is based on proven mathematical principles. Most of the cryptographic algorithms used are standardized algorithms that have undergone several months of in-depth cryptanalysis by the international community of cryptology experts.

Rarely is a single algorithm sufficient to build a secure solution that can be used in the real...