1. Output parameters

Calculation methods of all kinds determine electromagnetic quantities, usually the fields or current densities of devices, as a function of geometry and excitation. From these quantities, parameters useful for various applications can be extracted. These parameters are generally easy to measure, and thus constitute the device's output parameters. The constraints imposed on these parameters constitute the specifications. Design therefore consists in fulfilling the specifications by adjusting the degrees of freedom, such as the dimensions, shape, physical constitution and excitation of the device. Note that constraints may also apply to the limits of the range of variation of these parameters. The parameters we will describe below are typically those that can be found in the menu of a commercial electromagnetic simulator and that can be determined directly or indirectly by measurement....