10. Conclusion

This introduction to microwaves shows just how active the microwave field is, for a number of reasons.

The main reason for this is that materials engineering at the atomic layer level (two-dimensional materials such as graphene and one-dimensional materials such as carbon nanotubes) has opened the way to the production of artificial materials (which do not exist in their natural state) with remarkable electronic, thermal and mechanical properties.

As a result, a new generation of highly-integrated microwave devices has emerged that can cover extended frequency ranges.

Other types of materials, such as superconductors, have been used to produce microwave functions (filters, oscillators, etc.) with exceptional performance (spectral purity for oscillators, rejection for filters).

The future...