7. Emerging spintronic devices

Field and position sensors, hard disk read heads and MRAM memories are the main inventions based on spintronics that have reached the market to date. Numerous emerging spintronic devices have been proposed, and are at various stages of development. Many, such as spin transistors or skyrmion devices, are still a long way from commercialization, despite significant development efforts in some cases. Among the most technologically advanced devices not yet on the market are spin transfer oscillators, magnonic devices and the domain-wall shift register.