7. Conclusion

In this article, we introduced the main protocols used to transmit data over networks. Today, it's indisputable that the IP protocol has become the undisputed packet protocol. The difficulty lies much more in choosing the technique to be used to transport these IP packets from one end of the network to the other. The two competing techniques correspond, on the one hand, to an IP-type network-level architecture made up of IP routers in which IP packets are processed, and, on the other, to a frame-level architecture in which IP packets are encapsulated once and for all, and are only recovered at the recipient's terminal.

The first is a routed solution, the second a dial-up solution. The former calls on increasingly powerful routers, while the latter generally relies on MPLS.