5. Repeater and sea connection unit
5.1 Repeater
The underwater repeater has the following specific features.
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High reliability
The number of repeater failures must be limited to three in 25 years per link. This means that for a link of around 150 repeaters, the failure rate per hour of a repeater is 9 × 10 –8 i.e. 90 in 10 9 h, or 90 FIT (Failure In Time ). Since the most critical components in terms of reliability are the laser pump diodes at 980 nm, these are coupled together to power a pair of EDFAs: thus, in the event of failure of one of the pump diodes, the output power of the EDFAs decreases (3 dB loss in the event of failure of 50% of the pump diodes),...
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Repeater and sea connection unit
Cable laying and repair
Bibliography
Conferences
Proceedings of SubOptic 2001, Kyoto, May 20-24, 2001
Proceedings of SubOptic 2004, Monaco, 29 mars-1 er avril 2004
Proceedings of SubOptic 2007, Baltimore, May 14-17, 2007
Proceedings of SubOptic 2010, Yokohama, May 11-14, 2010
Proceedings of SubOptic 2013, Paris, April 22-25, 2013...
Standards and norms
ITU (International Telecommunication Union) recommendations for fiber optic submarine cables :
- General features of optical fibre submarine cable systems - G971 -
- Definition of terms relevant to optical fiber submarine cable systems - G972 -
- Characteristics of repeaterless optical fiber submarine cable systems - G973 -
- Longitudinally compatible DWDM applications for repeaterless...
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