1. Web 2.0 and the new developer demographic

1.1 Citizen Developer

At the end of 2010, the Gartner Group, an American analyst firm, coined – with a certain flair – the term "citizen-developer" to describe the changing demographics of enterprise application developers affected by the Web 2.0 age. The term is doubly felicitous: according to the Gartner Group, it applies to corporate IT users who, outside IT departments and their perimeters of responsibility, create their own applications in response to immediate needs, and eventually share them with others, without calling on in-house IT staff. But the term also evokes the contemporary Open Data movement, in which administrations and institutions, through public portals, make accessible to citizens data of all kinds that they are led to collect in the execution of their government...