3. Application of oscillating neural networks

ONNs can be used in different architectures to solve different kinds of problems. If all the oscillators are coupled, the ONN behaves like a Hopfield network (HNN), enabling the design of associative memories. Researchers have also shown that the ONN can solve optimization problems when the cost function to be minimized is associated with the energy function of the ONN. This section presents how to use ONNs as an associative memory or to solve optimization problems such as graph coloring or finding the maximum cut in a graph. Learning methods and applications are presented for each problem.