8. Glossary

Citing Patent

These are the patents that cite a particular patent

Cited Patent

The applicant may cite in the patent filed one or more related patents on which the invention is "based".

Utility Certificate or Utility Model (China)

Easy-to-obtain certificate (protects for 10 years and can be converted into a patent, but is not examined with the same rigor as a conventional patent application). The cost is much lower. The utility certificate generally applies to the field of building physics and chemistry, but not to the life sciences.

Porter's five forces

(New entrants, Technologies, Suppliers and Customers)

Quotes

The applicant cites patents close to the invention, but...