Conclusion

APT attacks have been around for many years. Since the first serious publications on the subject, they have been the talk of the media, shrouded in an aura of mystery, even though most of them are not technically very advanced.

APT attacks are, in the final analysis, espionage operations and the theft of strategic data that already existed before, outside computer networks. Old-fashioned espionage seems outdated these days, and for good reason: it's so much cheaper and faster to compromise computer networks and steal valuable data than to infiltrate individuals in the target company.

The battle is unequal: on the one hand, structured groups of attackers with considerable means and resources, acting without ethics or legal limitations, face the "poor defenders". The latter operate within the limited latitude generally entrusted to them, with...