1. Indirect route

1.1 Chain of processes

Indirect coal liquefaction comprises the following stages (figure 1 ):

• coal preparation ;

• oxygen production ;

• pure oxygen gasification ;

• conversion of CO to H ₂ (water gas shift) ;

• syngas purification ;

• Fischer-Tropsch, FT synthesis (core process) ;

• HDI isomerizing hydrocracking of long kerosenes to produce a "finished" fuel;

• production of pure hydrogen...