Conclusion

Over the last few decades, great progress has been made in understanding the deactivation mechanisms of solid catalysts, paving the way for more sustainable, and therefore economically more profitable, processes. This progress has been driven by the development of systematic studies in university laboratories and significant advances in methods and techniques for studying deactivation. This is particularly true of deactivation by coke formation, which is the most complicated to follow and understand. Indeed, quantitative analysis of the complex mixture of heavy molecules making up coke is particularly laborious, and this deactivation combines a complex reaction scheme with competition between very diverse molecules: reactants, coke precursors and coke for diffusion to active sites and their chemisorption. The combination of a method for the (semi) quantitative analysis of coke formed on...