7. Glossary

Conradson Carbon Residue (CCR) (NF EN ISO 10370/95)

Standardized laboratory test used to evaluate the propensity of a hydrocarbon feedstock to produce coke by combustion, which is harmful to refining operations (distillation, catalysis) because it forms solid deposits (fouling phenomenon).

De-alumination

Post-synthesis treatment of zeolite solids to adjust their acid properties (strength and number of Bronstëd acid sites). This involves extracting aluminum atoms from the framework (increasing the Si/Al ratio) by steaming or by chemical reaction with a silicic acid or precursor (e.g. ammonium fluorosilicate or silicon tetrachloride).

Bifunctional catalysis

Catalytic process involving two different catalytic functions (e.g. hydro-dehydrogenating agent + protonic acid)...