1. The limits of miniaturization

With a constant focus on performance and speed, electronic systems have become increasingly miniaturized over the years. Today, microprocessors can be found everywhere, from computers to cell phones and car equipment. These tiny micrometer-sized components (one millionth of a metre) are capable of performing a variety of complex tasks and functions which, only yesterday, required the use of bulky machines. Recent technological developments in component manufacturing have made it possible to fit more than 1 gigabyte...