4. Conclusion

As the journey starts from pure science of ultrafast laser-material interaction, wanders through various real-life applications, and ends up at realities in production and industrialisation, one senses the endless potential of ultrafast laser in changing our lives, and also witnesses the dynamic movements of knowledge transfer and technology advancement. It is as encouraging as challenging to point out that the innovation circles never end: laser scientists keep creating new ultrafast lasers with ever-growing output power; material specialists continue to consolidate the existing applications and explore new potentials of surface functionalization; research engineers transfer the developments of laser technology and of application to industrial viable solutions for our society to benefit this. Ultrafast laser-based technologies are advancing at a faster pace today than it ever has before....