1. Ultrafast laser processing

The emergence of ultrashort pulse lasers has a revolutionary impact upon our society, in all walks of life: energy, health, arts, sports and leisure, food, information and security sectors, and more. The invention of the high-power ultrafast laser technology has opened up new opportunities for imaging, diagnostic, especially high-precision processing of a wide range of materials, including dielectrics, semiconductors, and metals, enabling numerous applications in fields ranging from micromachining to photonics and life sciences.

Before getting started, it is worthwhile to have a notion of the dimension of ultrafast laser pulses in time and space. The ultrafast laser pulses are very small pockets of light/photons, enveloped in a tiny fraction of a second (s) in time domain. Let’s consider an ultrafast laser pulse of 100...