3. From concept to commercialisation

There are high expectations by society and policy makers today, that science and research should expand and improve their interaction with industry to solve the grand challenges of our time, like fighting cancer, climate change or the COVID-19 pandemic. This section looks at the route to transfer scientific findings and innovations to a new product or to an existing object with added values, through commercialisation. First of all, it is to raise the technology readiness level – all engineering issues have to be dealt with at this stage. This step is often termed as raising TRL or technology transfer , which aims at transferring an idea/a laboratory level proof of concept to a prototype. In order to commercialise an innovation and make it to the market, the profit margin is the solid goal, and the key performance indicators of a profitable plan are...