2. Waves and particles

2.1 Different types of particles

The different types of particles used to explore matter, particularly metals, are X-ray photons, neutrons, electrons and, to a lesser extent in diffraction, ions and other particles such as positrons...

We saw earlier that a wave can be associated with a particle. This duality can be expressed by writing the particle's kinetic energy in two different ways . For simplicity's sake, we'll assume a non-relativistic...