4. Deformation tests

The deformation tests are crushing tests performed on the dropping mass described in the dossier. § 2.4.2. The first test consists of crushing a slug in its longitudinal direction (figure 2 ) to characterize the metal surface that is actually in contact with the tools during drawing or rolling. In this test, the axis of the sample is parallel to the planes of the tools. A second crushing test, where the billet is arranged vertically, is also described. In this test, the rubbing surface is flat and circular. This test no longer characterizes the surface in contact with the wire-drawing die, but it is a conventional test often used to determine friction