11. Atmospheric analysis and control

11.1 Atmospheric analysis

The gaseous species most commonly analyzed in heat treatment are CO, CO ₂ , CH ₄ , H ₂ , O ₂ and H ₂ O. Although a large number of analysis methods have been developed over time, some have become established among industry players because of their ease of use, analytical accuracy and robustness and reliability over time. These include physical, physico-chemical, chemical and electrochemical methods, with an increasing use of physical methods [1][30]...