7. Recycling and secondary resources

According to El Guindy [16] of Gemini Industries, more than 2,500 t of spent reforming catalysts are processed worldwide for platinum and rhenium recovery. A significant proportion of recycled rhenium also comes from rhenium alloy scraps (Ni, W, Mo). Rhenium is also present in Dzhezkazgan dust, where it is associated with copper. Finally, there are non-traditional carbon-based resources, which account for 50% of the world's rhenium resources.