5. Surface treatments for dental implants

Several parameters need to be optimized to promote cellular activity and achieve perfect implant anchorage (figure 5 ). Controlling the quality of the implant surface is truly critical to achieving the best osseointegration. In fact, it generally takes 3-4 weeks for the implant to achieve primary stability (mechanical anchorage) and secondary stability (biological action). To improve the crucial stage of primary stability, different complementary strategies can be used (surface finishing, surface treatments and care in the choice of materials). Surface treatment processes for dental implants are varied and can be classified into two main categories:

• Subtractive surface treatments (functional...