2. Impact of the post-2022 international situation on access to resources for Europe

In Europe, a leader in the field of renewable energies, not all countries have yet reached the same level of maturity in terms of renewable energy development. There are also different political options, which drastically condition technological choices.

France has long favored nuclear power, and today 70% of its electricity comes from this source. Germany took the opposite path, abandoning nuclear power by law in 2022, influenced by the accident at Chernobyl in April 1986, then reinforced by the Fukushima accident in June 2011. This led to a heavy reliance on coal and Russian gas. Today, this is widely denounced as having been a very bad decision taken some twenty years ago, and definitively implemented on April 15, 2023 with the closure of Germany's last three nuclear power plants.

Less developed Eastern Europe is still heavily dependent...