5. Conclusion

Since the second half of the 19th century, the textile and cotton-working industries have been the scene of enormous technical and technological developments and progress. Development trends in the spinning industry over the last few decades have focused on three areas: increasing yarn productivity while maintaining the required level of quality, perfecting current processes with the aim of improving yarn quality, and developing new and alternative yarn production processes. Thus, since 1950, production has increased by a factor of around 10 on existing spinning processes: coarse preparation, carding and sliver drawing, while new spinning processes such as rotor open-end, air-jet spinning and vortex spinning have increased production by a factor of between 10 and 20. Yarn quality in terms of tenacity, elongation, regularity and hairiness has also been significantly improved. Particular...