1. General principles of purification

1.1 Origin and nature of industrial waste

While the characteristics of domestic effluents vary little, the extreme diversity of industrial activities generates specific effluents of heterogeneous and often fluctuating composition, which requires specific investigation for each type of industry. . It is therefore essential to be fully informed about manufacturing processes and the organization of the plant's water supply circuits, as well as the sewage systems used to evacuate pollutant production.

Industrial wastewater (IWW) can be divided into different categories, depending on how the water is used.

• General manufacturing or process effluents

  Most processes lead to pollutant...