1. Background

1.1 Challenges facing the construction industry

The building sector encompasses residential buildings and tertiary buildings (administrative activities, healthcare, education, commerce, catering, etc.). In 2021, this sector is responsible for 30% of global final energy consumption and 27% of CO ₂ emissions, 8% of which are direct CO ₂ emissions and 19% indirect, linked to electricity production and building heating . To achieve the goal of carbon neutrality...