2. Safety and sobriety

2.1 Energy consumption and environmental impact

The most powerful AI models, such as large language models, require considerable computing power and high costs in terms of computing infrastructure and energy consumption (figure 2 ). It is thus estimated that in 2022, data centers and artificial intelligence (as well as cryptocurrencies) will account for almost 2% of global electricity consumption, i.e. 460 TWh (which is slightly more than French electricity consumption, which stood at 445 TWh in 2023!).