5. Summary and conclusions

This article highlighted a number of elements that testify to the transformation of the sources of value creation and the drivers of development. It also highlighted the growing importance of the notion of territory in an economy structured around networks, where the competitive game is shifting from the national scale to that of territories and cities. Indeed, despite globalization, competitive advantage also lies in a territory's ability to produce unique and distinctive goods, services or cultural events, imbued with local specificities. Public authorities and private players are therefore faced with new problems and challenges, to which they need to provide innovative responses in order to boost territorial competitiveness. In this respect, three elements are essential:

• a broader set of criteria is taken into account in the notion of development:...