Conclusion

Numerical tools, such as finite element models of living tissues or inert structures, are powerful tools for the study of various physical phenomena. For example, they are an essential step in determining the mechanisms of injury specific to the human head, and the tolerance limits of the tissues involved. This step is certainly part of a broader methodology of experimental, analytical and numerical reconstruction of real accidents. It is, moreover, equally essential to validate these finite element models of human anatomical segments, such as the head, beforehand, by comparing their dynamic response with corresponding experimental measurements. These validated models can then be used to design, evaluate, validate and optimize various impact protection systems, such as motorcycle helmets, car windscreens and airbags. This development is thus carried out against precise biomechanical criteria...