6. Regenerating bone tissue with stem cells

In France, it was Jean Bernard who first came up with the idea of regenerative medicine based on stem cells. In 1973, in his book Grandeurs et tentations de la Médecine, he declared: "It is now possible to observe in vitro, in the glass bottles of the laboratory, the first stages in the differentiation of undifferentiated cells subjected to the desired inducers. It will soon be possible to go further down this road, to obtain cells and then highly specialized organs: liver, heart, cartilage, bone" .

The design of bio-artificial organ or tissue substitutes or equivalents...