2. Analysis of players in the French market

In France, the Public Health Code (article L.5111-1) defines a medicine as "any substance or composition presented as having curative or preventive properties with regard to human or animal diseases, as well as any substance or composition which may be used in or administered to humans or animals, with a view to establishing a medical diagnosis or to restoring, correcting or modifying their physiological functions by exerting a pharmacological, immunological or metabolic action".

For drugs to be made available as part of the therapeutic management of patients, they must obtain a Marketing Authorization (AMM) or a Temporary Use Authorization (ATU) issued in France by the Agence nationale de sécurité du médicament et des produits de santé (ANSM).

In France, the pharmaceutical companies grouped together in a professional organization (LEEM)...