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Insect cells are widely used to produce mature and active recombinant proteins. Associated with baculovirus vectors, they are particularly suitable for the production of recombinant vaccines for veterinary applications or humans. Due to the binary nature of this system, the development of production processes requires the integration and a fine adjustment of parameters relating firstly to the virus, and secondly to the cells.This article presents the different modules that make up the production system based on insect cells and baculovirus. The weaknesses identified and the major development-axes of this technology are also described.
In a context of raw materials shortage, awareness of a need for environmental protection, and pressure from regulations, the chemical industry is showing a growing interest in biosolvents made from renewable raw materials. Bio-based solvents offer an alternative to fossil resources, preventing health, safety and environmental hazards. After a reminder of the background to the solvents market, this paper presents the main biosolvent categories known for their industrial applications, and the different strategies for the design and selection of biosolvents meeting given specifications.
Conjugated polymers can be used as sensitive layers in chemical (bio)sensors, enabling the selective detection of a wide range of chemical or biological molecules in both liquid and gaseous environments by converting the presence of target molecules into an electrochemical or optical signal. The article begins by introducing conjugated polymers and their key properties, followed by an explanation of the operating principles of sensors that incorporate them. It then explores recent advancements in sensor technologies, methods for combining polymers with other functional components to enhance detection capabilities, and a selection of application examples.
The suppository allows for the administration of active substances rectally in order to obtain a local or systemic effect. It consists of hydrophilic excipients, such as glycerol and polyethylene-glycols, which dissolve in water, or lipophilic excipients, such as mixtures of glycerides which melt at the rectal temperature. Although the acceptability of the suppository varies according to the sociocultural barriers of prescribers and patients, it is however extremely useful in pediatrics, geriatrics and in the case of certain digestive disorders. This article deals with the materials and methods used to formulate, produce and characterize suppositories, as well as with certain aspects of the rectal route of the biopharmaceutical area.
Oil foams represent an emerging class of liquid foams—non-aqueous systems characterized by gas bubbles dispersed in an oil phase. They are generating increasing interest in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries due to their ability to stabilize water-free formulations with innovative sensory properties and to serve as alternatives to solid fats. This article reviews the mechanisms of formation and stabilization of oil foams, as well as their applications, while highlighting current challenges and future prospects.
Sonochemistry involves the chemical and physical processes that take place under the action of ultrasound in solution. These processes are mainly due to cavitation, which involves the formation and implosion of gas microbubbles in liquids subjected to ultrasonic waves. As these microbubbles collapse, they release enormous amounts of energy, in the form of intense local heat, comparable to the temperature at the surface of the sun (~ 5000 K), high pressure (≤1000 atm), shock waves and acoustic microcurrents. Each cavitation bubble can be compared to a microreactor capable of initiating chemical reactions without external input of heat, reagents or catalysts. This article presents an overview of the main current applications of sonochemistry in organic chemistry.
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a global major public health issue. Silver nanoparticles, metal oxides or nanocarbones could be an alternative to antibiotics. The antimicrobial effect of nanoparticles is inversely proportional to their size. Indeed at nanoscale, particles have greater efficiency in comparison with identical materials of greater size. The medical application of nanoparticles is possible for certain nanoparticles that are cytotoxic against bacteria but not against mammalian cells.
Batch processes produce high value-added compounds in multiproduct and multiobjective facilities. Their efficiency relies on the integrated management of design, planning, and scheduling. This article outlines the specific features of such processes in the pharmaceutical industry (recipes, campaigns, storage, performance criteria). It highlights the complexity of discrete decision-making and presents modular platforms using continuous flow chemistry as a flexible alternative that combines quality with environmental sustainability.
Ophthalmic preparations developed for therapeutic are available as solution, emulsion, suspension, powder, ointment, gel or insert. For safely administration some properties must be respected i.e. sterility, physico-chemical stability and local tolerancy. In this article, each preparation type is fully described in this article including formulation strategy, preparation, packaging and specific pharmacopeia tests are given. Injectable forms used intraocularly are also presented. Finally, the article also provides an overview of developments and innovations in galenic formulations, administration devices and new therapies for ophthalmology.
The classification of borderline products, positioned between various regulatory frameworks - cosmetics, medical devices, dietary supplements, biocides -, represents a major challenge. It influences formulation, production, marketing claims, and regulatory strategy. A misclassification can lead to high costs, market delays, or penalties. This article outlines the classification criteria, their impact on product development, and illustrates these challenges through case studies in various sectors.
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