4. Conclusion

The spectacular success of fecal transplantation in the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infections has led to this treatment being considered for many other mucosal and skin pathologies in which the microbiota plays a major role. This very recent work, carried out on a small number of patients or, above all, animals, is not yet sufficiently conclusive, especially as it has just been shown that in "germ-free" mice, animals widely used in these trials, human bacteria recognized as anti-inflammatory, such as Faecalibacterium and Bifidobacterium, are not transferable to them. What's more, cytokines and chemokines have very different plasma levels in humans and in these animals, which makes it difficult to predict any immunological effect in humans