2. Product development pipeline management

2.1 Methodological approaches

Research and clinical development is a particularly delicate activity, combining time constraints with economic stakes, in an environment that is both uncertain and complex. The many factors of uncertainty relate to innovation, which always involves a degree of risk-taking, the choices made (choosing one active molecule over another, for example, or one clinical efficacy indicator over another, etc.), regulatory requirements, economic and political uncertainties, and so on. Complexity is linked in particular to the multiplicity of stakeholders involved: patients, of course, but also healthcare professionals (doctors and pharmacists), patient associations, the French social security system, and the drug agencies that may or may not grant marketing authorizations...