4. Conclusion, challenges, and future avenues for development

This article explores in depth the technological challenges associated with the environmental perception systems required for the development and deployment of new means of mobility, including automated vehicles. The development of these automated mobility solutions relies primarily on the ability to perceive the environment with reliability, accuracy, and robustness comparable to, or even superior to, that of a human driver. This perception capability is the result of the complex integration of heterogeneous sensors and advanced algorithmic processing, often derived from the field of artificial intelligence.

To fully understand the complexity of these perception systems, the road environment must be approached as a dynamic and interactive ecosystem involving users, vehicles, infrastructure, services, and technologies. When it comes to perceiving the environment,...