1. The road environment, a complex multi-stakeholder ecosystem: issues and challenges

The road environment is a dynamic, highly interactive and particularly complex ecosystem involving a multitude of issues, disciplines and stakeholders. More specifically, this ecosystem is based on the interaction between different users (drivers, passengers, pedestrians, cyclists) and a set of technologies and mobility systems (vehicles, sensors, driver assistance algorithms, etc.), operating within physical road infrastructure.

These infrastructures require the integration of appropriate physical and digital infrastructure (PDI) (roads, smart traffic lights, communication networks) to support the deployment and optimization of mobility services (public transportation, car-sharing services, logistics platforms). The goal is to ensure more efficient and effective mobility.

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