4. Conclusion

MaaS is first and foremost a technical concept. It's a promise made on the one hand by the big names in technology to transport authorities, and on the other by these same transport authorities to their users. This promise is all-inclusive, simple and digital. But in reality, it comes up against the reality on the ground. That of the level of maturity of territories in terms of digital access, that of the real target to be reached, or even that of the complex governance required for such projects. The urgent need, therefore, is for method rather than technology. A method in which the role of data, standards, openness and links with local communities is central. On the business side, some of the sector's major players are sure to succeed in carving out a place in the sun in a market with very high potential. But it will most likely be their lobbying power that will prevail over their technical...