1. Heat engine classification

1.1 A new energy paradigm

A retrospective analysis of the history of piston engines shows that the scientific concepts developed during the first industrial revolution by the visionaries A. Beau de Rochas (1815-1893) and R. Diesel (1858-1913) and many other scientists of the time are still relevant today, at the dawn of 2030 and beyond.

Until the middle of the 20th century, the French automotive industry was the leading mechanical engineering industry in France, and played an essential role in the French economy in terms of demand for raw materials, the number of workers employed, sales figures, and its importance in the balance of trade.

In 2024, the French automotive industry is still a leading innovator in carbon-free powertrains...