9. Conclusion

The CBTC was born out of the introduction of IT technologies (electronics, telecommunications, software) into signalling systems, with the aim of improving performance and economic efficiency. These objectives have been met since the first systems went into service at the beginning of the 21st century. There has even been continuous improvement, as the underlying technologies have continued to advance. Passengers have benefited: service quality has improved, with shorter journey times and greater punctuality. This has benefited operators: the portfolio of technical functions supporting operation and maintenance has been greatly enriched. The CBTC now largely supports the evolution of transit systems towards "driverless", necessary to offer continuous public transport, and an operating flexibility capable of adapting to variations in demand. The CBTC will continue to follow the path of digitalization....