3. Developments in the European railway regulatory framework
For several years now, the European Commission has been pursuing an active policy on rail transport. With regard to freight transport, the goal—through market liberalization and regulation—is to promote the development of rail transport, which is considered a more environmentally friendly mode of transport and a driver of growth.
The following paragraphs outline the key steps of this policy.
3.1 The 1991 Directive
The first major step in European rail transport policy was taken with Directive 91/440 of 1991, which is best known for its flagship provision requiring the separation—at least in accounting terms—of infrastructure management from operations. The directive did not require the separation...
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Developments in the European railway regulatory framework
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