5. Conclusion
Economics is an important key to the operation and future of rail transport. The viability of its economic model will depend on the development of its quality, i.e. meeting the reasonable expectations of its users, both passengers and shippers.
It will also require increased productivity to achieve this quality at a reasonable cost. The quality produced in France, particularly punctuality, also seems to be largely perfectible compared with comparable foreign countries.
Meanwhile, competing modes, often more flexible, are developing and gaining in productivity.
As well as satisfying users, this is also a major collective challenge for public policy, particularly in view of the environmental crisis, which could make mass transit modes, including rail, indispensable beyond just the densest segments.
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Acronyms, notations and symbols
Bibliography
Regulations
German Climate Act: Key considerations of the ruling of the First Senate (of the Constitutional Court) of March 24, 2021 – 1 BvR 2656/18 – 1 BvR 78-20 – 1 BvR 288/20.
...European legislative framework for infrastructure charging
Directive 2012/34 after recast:
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/ ?uri=CELEX%3A02012L0034-20190101
The French climate and resilience :
Socio-economic evaluation standards
French Ministerial Framework Instruction :
https://www.ecologie.gouv.fr/evaluation-des-projets-transport
Heatco (European research) :
Some sources of statistics and data on rail and multimodal transport
European Union transport statistics booklet :
Statistical pocketbook...
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