4. Economic outlook for the rail system
4.1 Outlook for social and territorial change
A number of key social and regional trends are likely to have an impact on demand for rail for everyday journeys:
the continuing democratization of access to cars, which is increasing the proportion of multi-motorized households (several cars per household), which is not conducive to public transport;
the trend in cities towards low-density suburbanization, which runs counter to the attractiveness of a mass transit mode like rail;
changes in the labour market towards greater fragmentation, which reduces the proportion of home-to-work journeys on the traditional main routes to major urban or office centers, which is also unfavourable...
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Economic outlook for the rail system
Conclusion
Bibliography
Regulations
German Climate Act: Key considerations of the ruling of the First Senate (of the Constitutional Court) of March 24, 2021 – 1 BvR 2656/18 – 1 BvR 78-20 – 1 BvR 288/20.
...European legislative framework for infrastructure charging
Directive 2012/34 after recast:
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/ ?uri=CELEX%3A02012L0034-20190101
The French climate and resilience :
Socio-economic evaluation standards
French Ministerial Framework Instruction :
https://www.ecologie.gouv.fr/evaluation-des-projets-transport
Heatco (European research) :
Some sources of statistics and data on rail and multimodal transport
European Union transport statistics booklet :
Statistical pocketbook...
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