6. Current in the rails
Whatever the type of traction current distribution, catenary or lateral conductor, the current returns via the running rails. The empirical formula R v = 0.9/p gives the linear resistance R v as a function of rail weight per metre. For a standard track with a 60 kg/m rail, R v ≍ 0.015 Ω/km. There are two cases to consider, depending on the nature of the current to be conveyed.
In direct current, the high currents absorbed by prime movers generate significant voltage drops.
for I = 4,000 A ; ΔU = rI = 0.015 × 4,000 = 60 V/km ;
i.e. for 10 km: ΔU = 800 V.
This voltage drop is reduced, by approximately...
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Current in the rails
Special case: the trolleybus
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