1. Working bases

To ensure traceability, it is necessary to answer the question "Who did what, with what, or by what method? In this question, we find a common quality tool: the Ishikawa diagram or "cause-effect" diagram, or the 5 M diagram (figure 1 ).

By answering each of the questions asked, the laboratory ensures traceability of the measurements, enabling it to identify :

• measurement results obtained with a component when it proves to be faulty;

• potentially faulty components when an error in the measurement result is identified.

A frequently encountered example is...