4. Experimental errors
4.1 Defining and estimating experimental errors
4.1.1 Random and systematic errors
If the same measurement is taken several times, the result is not always the same. There is a dispersion of measurements. A series of measurements is usually characterized by two figures: the mean and the standard deviation, which is an indication of the dispersion of measurements around the mean. These errors are called random errors.
In addition to random error, there may be overall variations in the measurements....
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