4. Driving assistance technologies

The emergence of driver assistance systems is closely linked to the development of information and communication technologies, and the large-scale integration of components (VLSI circuits). The key components of these systems are sensors, actuators, GNSS positioning and real-time computing units (microprocessors or microcontrollers). Added to these are the telecommunications technologies required for the deployment of cooperative systems. Perception of the road environment, based largely on image processing, requires considerable computing power on its own to satisfy real-time constraints. For reasons of simplification, modularity, scalability and ease of maintenance, calculations are distributed over a multitude of calculation units (ECU – Electronic calculation unit), and conventional wiring has given way to digital multiplexing: ECUs are interconnected by digital buses such as CAN, Flexray,...