7. Measurements and applications

7.1 Passive or active components

The vector network analyzer is a measuring instrument capable of characterizing any passive or active microwave component, made on coaxial cable or waveguide, whether it is:

• wide frequency range, such as: flexible and semi-rigid cables, adapters, attenuators, loads ranging from short circuits to open circuits including matched loads, directional and hybrid couplers, bridges, isolators, and switches;

• frequency selective: such as filters (bandpass, lowpass, highpass, and bandstop) and multiplexers;

• frequency conversion devices, such as mixers;

• amplification devices, such as transistors, diodes, and amplifiers...